Global grain is coordinated through a mix of traditional commodity exchanges, futures markets, and emerging geopolitical exchanges (BRICS-initiatives). Together, they shape price, hedging, logistics, and power dynamics in world agriculture and ultimately food prices.

The world bulk grain trade is a vital sector of the world economy, mainly global trade in wheat, rice, and coarse grains such as corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye. The U.S. Foreign Agricultural Service provides monthly reports on U.S. and global trade, production, consumption, and stocks…

January 31 st 2026 Disclaimer: (All References herein were obtained using Microsoft co-pilot AI) World trade is undergoing a profound transformation as artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes supply chains and freight markets. Traditionally, freight rates were determined by fuel costs, demand cycles…

Introduction: A Codex of Symbolic Transformation is this paper written with the structural ideas from the author curated by cited works. Also, the very useful review and scribe collaboration of Microsoft A.I. to bring it all together. The idea behind this paper is to bring ancient ideas from the…

For millennia, from the maritime expeditions of the Phoenicians to today's global shipping giants, freight transport has operated within a framework of opacity, speculation, and negotiated uncertainty. Freight rates-once shaped by natural risk and scarcity-have evolved into a patchwork of…

▪   One of the most salient changes in the world economy since 1980 has been the move toward freer trade among countries across the globe. How do existing theories about trade policy explain this puzzle? Three sets of explanations are prominent. First, many focus on changes in trade policy…

Trump’s decision to impose tariffs on both Mexican and Canadian metal imports advanced the level of trade tensions that were already present in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). President Enrique Peña Nieto and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau rebuked the United States’ decision…

International trade is the inseparable companion of transportation and this paper will investigate in separate parts theory,, and the public organizations and NGO's that encompass international commerce. How cargo is classified not only for valuation of duties and taxation but for the efficient…

It is important to separate the different components of international trade between fixed and mobile assets. It is useful to view the fixed assets of international trade as the support functions for the mobile assets. For example seaports, airports and ground terminal for truck and rail services are…